![]() By the year 1914 European peoples had made themselves the rulers of most of the planet. They were late in the century and in retrospect were seen to be the twilight of an era. Here and there conflicts arose from imperial expansion, as in the Boer War (1899-1902) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) But only these two seriously challenged a European power. Now and again wars were fought in Europe - the chief being the Crimean War (1854-1856) and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) - but they did not draw all Europe into their vortex, as several earlier ones had done, and they were relatively brief. Another was the fact that only two major wars - the Civil War in the United States (1861-1865) and the Taiping Rebellion in China (1848-1865) -occurred, and these were not in Europe. ![]() One reason was the mounting industrialism, the technological inventions, and the associated intellectual revolution which gave Westerners the mastery of much of the world’s natural resources. The nineteenth century, beginning in 1815 with the close of the Wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon and terminated in 1914 by the outbreak of World War I, saw the heyday of Western imperialism and colonialism. ![]() By Kenneth Scott Latourette Chapter 10: The Nineteenth Century: Mounting Western Domination, with Economic, Intellectual, and Social Revolutions, A.D.
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